Property Par Loan Ya Court Case Hai? Kharidne Se Pehle Kaise Check Karein (Encumbrance Guide)
By SachaGhar Team ·
Property kharidna zindagi ke sabse bade financial decisions mein se ek hai. Documents sahi dikh rahe hon, seller bhi bharosemand lag raha ho, phir bhi ek sawaal hamesha check karna chahiye: kya is property par koi loan, girvi (mortgage), court case ya kisi aur ka dawa to nahi hai?
Agar property par pehle se koi "bojh" (legal language mein encumbrance) hai aur aapne bina check kiye kharid li, to baad mein bank recovery, family dispute ya case ki wajah se aapka paisa aur samay dono fas sakte hain. Is guide mein hum simple tareeke se samjhayenge ki yeh check kaise karein.
Encumbrance ka matlab kya hai?
Encumbrance ka matlab hai property par koi bhi aisa legal haq ya liability jo kisi aur ke paas ho. Common examples:
- Bank ya finance company ka loan jiske against property girvi rakhi gayi ho
- Court case ya stay order jo property ke ownership ya bikri se juda ho
- Pehle se kiya gaya agreement to sell kisi doosre buyer ke saath
- Family members ka hissa (jaise ancestral property mein co-owners) jinki sahmati na li gayi ho
- Pending dues jaise property tax, society maintenance ya bijli-paani ke bill
In mein se kuch cheezein sarkari record mein dikh jaati hain, aur kuch ke liye aapko alag se poochhtachh karni padti hai.
Encumbrance Certificate (EC) kya hota hai?
Kai states mein Sub-Registrar office ya state ka registration department ek document deta hai jise aam taur par Encumbrance Certificate (EC) kaha jaata hai. Ismein ek chuni hui time period ke dauraan us property se jude registered transactions ki list hoti hai, jaise sale deed, mortgage deed, gift deed waghera.
Dhyan rakhne wali baatein:
- EC ka naam, format aur milne ka tareeka har state mein alag ho sakta hai. Kuch states mein yeh online milta hai, kuch mein Sub-Registrar office jaana padta hai.
- EC mein aam taur par sirf registered documents dikhte hain. Agar koi loan ya agreement register nahi hua, ya koi case court mein chal raha hai, to woh EC mein shayad na dikhe.
- Isliye EC zaroori hai, lekin akela kaafi nahi hai.
Apne state ki official registration ya revenue department website par jaakar ya Sub-Registrar office se exact process aur fees confirm karein.
Step-by-step: property ka "bojh" kaise check karein
1. Seller se original documents maangein
Sabse pehle seller se property ke original title documents dikhane ko kahein. Agar seller sirf photocopy de raha hai aur original "bank mein hai" bol raha hai, to iska matlab ho sakta hai ki property par loan chal raha hai. Yeh apne aap mein galat nahi hai, lekin phir loan close hone ka process clear hona chahiye (neeche dekhein).
Documents ki poori list ke liye hamara guide padhein: Plot kharidne se pehle kaun se documents check karein.
2. Encumbrance / registered transactions ka record nikalwayein
Apne state ke registration department se pichhle kai saalon ka record nikalwayein. Dekhein ki:
- Owner ka naam aapke seller se match karta hai ya nahi
- Koi mortgage deed ya loan se juda document registered hai ya nahi
- Koi aisa sale ya agreement to nahi jo seller ne pehle kisi aur ke saath kiya ho
3. Revenue records aur mutation check karein
Zameen aur plot ke case mein revenue records (jamabandi, khasra waghera, naam state ke hisaab se alag hote hain) mein current owner ka naam aur koi entry ya remark check karein. Mutation (namantaran) ka matlab aur process yahan samjhein: Property mutation / namantaran kya hai.
4. Court case ki jaankari lein
Kai district aur state courts ke case status online dekhne ki suvidha hoti hai, jahan party ke naam se search kiya ja sakta hai. Seller ke naam aur property ke address se jude case dhoondhne ki koshish karein. Yeh process technical ho sakta hai, isliye bade deal mein kisi experienced property lawyer se title search karwana sabse safe tareeka hai.
5. Bank loan ho to NOC aur closure confirm karein
Agar property par loan hai, to ghabrane ki zaroorat nahi. Bahut si properties loan chalte hue bikti hain. Bas yeh dhyan rakhein:
- Bank se outstanding loan amount ka official letter lein
- Payment aisa structure karein ki loan close ho aur bank se NOC / loan closure letter aur original documents release hon
- Registry se pehle yeh sab clear hona chahiye
Agar aap khud loan le kar kharid rahe hain, to aapka bank bhi aksar apni legal verification karta hai. Home loan process yahan dekhein: Home loan se ghar kaise kharidein.
6. Pending dues aur society NOC
Flat ya apartment ke case mein society ya RWA se No Dues / NOC lein. Property tax aur bijli-paani ke latest paid bills bhi maangein, taaki purane bakaye aapke sir na aayein. Resale flat ke liye poori checklist: Resale ghar ya flat kharidne se pehle checklist.
7. Bayana dene se pehle hi check karein
Bahut log pehle token money de dete hain aur baad mein verification karte hain. Behtar hai ki bayana dene se pehle hi basic checks ho jayein, aur agreement mein clearly likha ho ki title clear na hone par paisa wapas milega. Iske baare mein yahan padhein: Bayana / token money aur agreement to sell.
Warning signs jin par dhyan dein
- Seller original documents dikhane se bach raha ho
- Bahut jaldi deal close karne ka dabav, "aaj hi bayana do" type baatein
- Property ki keemat market se kaafi kam bataayi ja rahi ho (sahi keemat samajhne ke liye dekhein: Property ki sahi kimat kaise pata karein)
- Owner ke naam aur documents ke naam mein mismatch
- Family ke doosre members ka zikr aate hi seller ka baat taalna
In mein se koi bhi sign dikhe to ruk jaayein aur lawyer se salah lein.
Jaipur mein property dekh rahe hain?
Agar aap Jaipur mein plot, ghar ya shop dhoondh rahe hain, to SachaGhar par locality ke hisaab se listings dekhein: Jaipur properties, Jagatpura, Sanganer plots, Ajmer Road plots aur Mansarovar. Plot ke case mein approval type samajhna bhi zaroori hai: JDA approved plot vs society plot.
Aur agar aap broker ya agent hain, to SachaGhar Partner ban kar apni listings zyada buyers tak pahuncha sakte hain.
FAQ
Q1. Kya Encumbrance Certificate se sab kuch pata chal jaata hai? Nahi. EC mein aam taur par sirf registered transactions dikhte hain. Unregistered agreements, family disputes ya court cases ke liye alag se check karna padta hai, isliye lawyer se title search karwana safe hai.
Q2. EC kahan se milta hai? Yeh state par depend karta hai. Kai states mein online milta hai, kuch mein Sub-Registrar office se. Apne state ke official registration department ki website par process confirm karein.
Q3. Loan wali property kharidna safe hai? Ho sakta hai, agar payment ka structure aisa ho ki loan poora close ho, bank se NOC aur original documents release hon, aur yeh sab registry se pehle clear ho.
Q4. Kitne saal ka record check karna chahiye? Iska koi ek fixed jawab nahi hai. Aam taur par jitna lamba record dekhein utna behtar. Kitne saal ka record kaafi hai, yeh apne lawyer ya bank ki legal team se confirm karein.
Q5. Kya yeh sab khud kar sakte hain? Basic checks (documents, bills, society NOC, online records) aap khud kar sakte hain. Lekin badi investment mein ek qualified property lawyer ki fees aapko bade nuksaan se bacha sakti hai.
Yeh article sirf general jaankari ke liye hai, legal salah nahi. Rules aur process state ke hisaab se badalte hain, isliye official source aur ek qualified lawyer se confirm zaroor karein.